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NOISEmaker's blogs / Emma Schofield

31 January 2008 hydrogen car in the lab

I mentioned a couple of blogs ago that went off to london to travel on a fuel cell bus?  Well now we've gone one step better - we have a hydrogen car in the lab.  All right it's only about 25 cm long, but size isn't everything.  It has two tanks of water on the back and to get it to work, all you have to do is leave its solar panel in the sun for a bit.  The power is used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen which are stored in the car.  Just uncouple the solar cell and hydrogen fuels the fuel cell which runs the car softly and silently instead of a noisy internal combustion engine.  And the only emission from this car is water, no pollutants.  So now all I need to do is get myself a bigger one....


28 June 2007 This amazing science

Last week I did some national jetsetting and headed off to a colloquium in Nottingham - all right, not exactly the Caribbean, but the hall of residence bar had a potted plant and gin and tonic with straws in and that's what matters.  One of the talks was on new and cunning ways to look at tiny particles of metal – spectroscopically that is – which are distributed on a talcum-powder like material to make a catalyst.  In the middle of that lecture theatre, it struck me anew that the pictures everyone was looking at on the screen were of clusters of fifty atoms at a time, a mound of atoms so small it is literally mindblowing.  And we're getting better and better at "seeing" chemistry on this scale, and knowing what the little metal particles look like is the first step we need to understanding why they do the amazing things they do.  So I came back to work with a lingering sense of wonder. 


04 June 2007 The Playtex Moonwalk 2007

As I mentioned in my last blog, I and some friends have been preparing for the Playtex half-moonwalk since Christmas, walking in all weathers to train, and of course decorating our bras.  Then, two days beforehand, disaster struck when I fell down some stairs and sprained my ankle.  I was devastated: would all that preparation, all that excitement be for nothing?  For the next two days,  I didn't walk on the ankle at all, I kept it coated in ice at intervals and I sat with my leg propped up - which looked pretty daft in the one meeting I made it to, I can tell you.  On the evening of the walk, I coated it in anti-inflammatory, strapped it up, and tested out my walking boots.  Several hours later, I was in London, following the marathon route!

It was the most amazing experience.  We started off in Playtex City in Hyde park, a huge tent with a party atmosphere, then sixteen thousand people streamed off into London at intervals towards the thames.  The traffic was stopped, people were cheering us on from the top of double decker buses - and who wouldn't, seeing sixteen thousand men and women in bras tramping by - everywhere we went people were supporting us.  London was lit up and alive, and even at three in the morning people were driving, out jogging, going to get a coffee.  It was incredible.

After thirteen decidedly painful miles, we made it back to the finish at around four in the morning, very tired but very pleased with ourselves.  Was it worth it?  All I can say is, if you'd like to raise some money for breast cancer research, or you would just like to do something completely nuts for a good cause, this one is a definite! 


26 April 2007 Raising money for cancer research

Have you ever considered what a long way 13 miles is to walk?  I hadn't until a friend from work suggested we enter for the Playtex Moonwalk this year, which is a charity even to raise money and awareness for breast cancer research.  As a cyclist, I thought, fine, no problem, I'm reasonably fit so all I have to do is find a decent pair of trainers and it'll be a doddle.  Not so!  After getting planetary blisters from walking a paltry 5 miles, it became clear to me that the full Moonwalk, the 26 miles of the marathon, was going to be way too much suffering and cheese-grated skin.  It had to be the Half Moon, which is only 13 miles.  Only!  So as a result of this, I and a couple of friends can be found marching through the Oxfordshire countryside several times a week, which is actually great fun and inevitably ends up with us in some attractive and picturesque pub, drowning our sorrows in, unfortunately, water.  The event itself is the night of the 19th of May – wish me luck!


16 March 2007 10 Downing Street

The kind of things NOISEmakers get to do never cease to amaze me.  A couple of weeks ago the post delivered an envelope on watermarked paper with official portcullises marking the flap.  To my surprise and initial confusion this turned out to be a very elegant invitation from the Prime Minister to attend a reception for young scientists and science communicators at 10 Downing Street.  RSVP.  It's the last thing this Yorkshire lass had ever expected to be doing with her days, and sent me into a complete panic - what does a girl wear to meet the PM?  Anything from smart working suits to extremely revealing dresses (miaow!) I discovered, looking surreptitiously around as we queued to go through the airport style security arch that allowed us into Downing Street itself. 

The reception, in a pillared room with overwhelmingly yellow decor, was an excited throng of about 150 young scientists, all excitedly telling each other what they did and why, interspersed with such eminants as the Minister for Science, the head of the Department of Trade and Industry, Lord Winston, and well-known faces from the media such as Carol Vordemann.  The PM gave a short speech which began by thanking us for our efforts in the encouragement of the UK's up and coming generations of scientists and talked about to the key role of science in the country's future.  He then went on to emphasise the importance of demystifying science, making it accessible for everyone, and breaking down the notional barriars between science and the arts and humanities.  The NOISEmakers present exchanged glances at that point, because he put his finger on exactly what NOISE is about, very much our raison-d'etre. 

Both the PM and Cherie Blair circulated, after that, and we got chance to talk to each of them about the aims of NOISE and the science which is our particular passion.  The evening ended with photos outside the door of No.10 with a particularly photogenic policeman who patiently posed with whoever wanted a tourist's momento of the event.  The lasting impression that I was left with though, beyond the dazzle of finding myself in unexpected company, was that this government have recognised the critical importance for our long term future of investing in science and that, if you're not sure what do study at university, there was never a better time to be thinking about a career as a scientist.


27 February 2007 Black week

It's been a very black week, this week.  Not because the world of making catalysts is grim and depressing, quite the contrary, but because I've been making carbon-supported catalysts, and that's about as black as synthetic chemistry gets. When I make a heterogeneous catalyst, it's all about getting tiny bits of expensive metal to distribute themselves as finely as possible over a cheap support material.  The support can be a metal oxide - aluminium oxide, titanium oxide - which looks a lot like talcum powder, white and powdery and easy to work with.  Alternatively the support can be carbon, which is light and fluffy and very, very black.  Imagine grinding a pencil lead or a bit of artist's charcoal to powder, and think just how black that would be if you got it on your fingers or your clothes.  Weighing out these carbon supports is like weighing out clouds - little bits keep trying to drift off on their own.  And they don't like water very much, so to get it wet enough to stick metals to it, you have to mix it in a mixer that goes at 5000 revs per minute.  On the plus side, carbon is chemically sticky, so it's easier to deposit metals onto, and it's less hassle to wash than the oxides, and catalysts are all about getting rid of contaminants.  And, needless to say, carbon catalysts do the most amazing things to chemical reactions.  All in all, making carbon-supported catalysts isn't as black a prospect as it looks; I just have to remember to check the mirror before leaving work to make sure I don't look like a panda!


12 January 2007 Important visitor to the technology centre

We've had a visitor in the Johnson Matthey Technology Centre this week, Tim Middleton, who's here for a week of work experience.  Tim normally spends his daylight hours at Abingdon School, slaving away for his A-levels, but for the past five days been working with the fuel cell group and getting firsthand experience of what the world of work is really like.  At the end of his five days, I asked Tim what his experience of work had been like.

Tim said: "I arranged my work experience at Johnson Matthey because I wanted to find out more about careers that I might be interested in.  In my placement I was mainly working on fuels cells.  I helped prepare the catalysts to be used in the fuel cell, printed the catalyst onto a carbon support, assembled an actual fuel cell, and analysed the data collected from tests run on the cell.  I also visited a number of other departments to find out more about what they did, including the analytical department, where I got to take some pictures with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which was great fun.  I really enjoyed my work experience placement and the opportunity to be involved in relevant and original scientific research.  I'd recommend it to anyone who wants to find out more about real applications of science and enjoy themselves at the same time." 

So there you have it: anyone out there who's thinking about a career in science, or just curious, why not try doing some work experience and see if you enjoy doing science as much as we do?

22 December 2006 Merry Christmas

It's Friday December 22nd, the last day of work before Christmas.  Around me in the office, there are cards on every desk, chocolate on every filing cabinet, and in the lab tinsel cascades off the testing rigs.  There are some red hats in evidence, and fewer ties and suit jackets today.  The labs are unnaturally tidy as a result of the last couple of days of taking stock, throwing away the year's accumulation of leftover samples, and taking the chance to clean bits of equipment while they're switched off for the holiday.  In the office, people are sending off a last couple of emails, exchanging last-minute shopping advice with whoever is left around, and quietly anticipating the Christmas period when the technology centre closes and the progress of international catalyst research grinds to a halt, just for one brief week.  Before I, too, leave these offices and labs behind, may I wish you a perfect Christmas, and all the very best for the New Year.


06 December 2006 Fuel Cells

One of the things I love about working in the chemical industry is the range of stuff I get to do.  While still carrying on work on catalysts for cars to reduce pollution, I'm also starting a project to make catalysts for fuel cells.  Surely you've heard of fuel cells? (okay I hadn't before I joined Johnson-Matthey but I think someone may have sneaked it onto the A-level syllabus in the last couple of years).  A fuel cell generates energy, just like an engine in a car or a generator in a power station, but instead of using petrol or coal, the fuel in a fuel cell is hydrogen.  The advantage of burning hydrogen instead of petrol is that the only thing that is produced as well as energy is water.  If we had efficient fuel cells, I could stop worrying about how much nitrous oxide, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide came out of car exhaust pipes, because our cars would be running using fuel cells instead. 

Fuel cells are being tested out in London at the moment, on the RV1 line for anyone visiting the capital, and I went there with the JM fuel cell group yesterday to do a test ride.  How did we know it was a fuel cell bus?  Well, it had "Fuel Cell Bus" written in big letters on the side, but the giveaway was the higher roof of the bus where they store the hydrogen.  The bus was quieter than a normal, diesel bus, but the greatest thing was that it didn't produce clouds of smelly exhaust smoke, only a gentle haze of steam.  According to the driver, who thought we were bonkers because we kept jumping off to take pictures of it, it drives just like a normal bus.  Fuel cell buses are running in London until January, when they move on to another European city, so if you want to be able to say you've ridden on a fuel cell bus, now's the time to go and try them out .


24 October 2006 hello Philly

"Where will they send me next" should have been a rhetorical question, but it turns out that my roving days aren't over yet for this year.  This time I was sent out to the US for a few days, to the beautiful city of Philadelphia.  Needless to say I went a day early to have a look round.  Friendly atmosphere, varied architecture, great shopping and fabulous food - I can definitely recommend trips to this part of the US.  On the work side of things, I had three wall-to-wall days of meetings, presentations and tours.  It sounds like a killer, but that kind of intensity can be a real buzz as long as it is for a reasonable period of time.  I love explaining all the exciting chemistry I've been doing to people who've never seen it before, and being able to discuss the ins and outs of actual molecules with people who see the world in the same way is fantastic.  The only minus is that I'm a terrible jet-laggard, so shortly after lunch things began to take on a distinctly surreal cast.  I'd just got used to it and was waking up at normal time....when it was time to go home again!


29 September 2006 A Naked Scientist

Last Sunday, I put on my NOISE hat, or actually t-shirt, and trained off to Cambridge to be a guest on "The Naked Scientist" radio show. Dodgy though this may sound, the only all I was asked to bare was the all I knew about catalytic convertors.  How catalytic acitvity is like trying to get to the beach, how many football pitches you could cover with the surface area of a catalytic convertor, what quantum magic makes platinum such a good catalyst.  In the studio, I was snuggled up to the microphone with a fellow guest who talked about his revolutionary new fuel cells where enzymes replace platinum as the catalyst.  We had questions about the ice-caps melting and catalytic hair dying, and in the quiz someone phoned in to suggest the air we breathe is mostly carbon moxoxide.  Being a live show, I thought it would never come back to haunt me, but, no, there's an MP3 which all my friends have downloaded from the website.  Never mind, it was great fun to do and maybe this will give them a clue what I spend my waking hours doing!


19 September 2006 Conference in Budapest
Where will they send me next?  This time it was a week in Budapest for the 1st European Chemistry Congress.  Scientists literally from all over the world converged on the capital of Hungary to show each other what kind of chemistry they'd been doing and find out what everyone else was up to.  There was one mindblowing talk about making molecular scale reaction vessels in which it was possible to get different reactions to happen from the ones that would go on on the outside.  Another guy could shine light on a surface he'd treated with his molecules and make a droplet of water walk uphill.  I also went to a meeting of scientists dedicated to making chemistry more environmentally friendly and sustainable - in the home, in factories and using biological processes - the idea being to get support for the concepts from the European Comission.  All in all, a pretty full-on week.

21 August 2006 breakthrough

Can you believe that some people actually ask me what's so exciting about doing science?  This blog is for anyone who might ever have wondered that, because today I have the answer.  Today I made a new chemical which has never been seen before on this planet.  Not only that, but it is a type of chemical that everyone assured me was impossible to make, before I made it.  And of course, it's a useful chemical, that will be tested out in all sorts of new catalysts.  Added to which, the way I made it, the only bi-product of the reaction is water, making it one of the greenest chemical reactions there is.  I tell you, when I saw that the reaction had worked, when the cloudy suspension turned into a glowing orange solution, I was dancing round the lab in delight and amazement.  This is a fantastic discovery, and the start of a whole new project. 


08 August 2006 off to switzerland

The useful thing about having studied science in half the countries in Europe is that you end up with friends all over the place who are always after you to drop in on their country for a visit whenever you have holiday.  This time it was Basel in Switzerland where I did the reserach for my Ph.D for three and a half years.  Apart from the airport, which is now all shiney and modern, very little has changed in Basel in the (oh gosh!) seven years since I studied there.  The friend I was visiting took me round all the old haunts: pubs, cafes, and the bakery at Schifflaende which does the best pain au chocolat in the city.  The highpoint was going swimming in the Rhine, which is a favourite activity of Baselers on baking days in summer.  The current is so strong, you don't even need to swim, you just drift downstream with the cathedral, the statue "Helvetia", and the houses, shops and cafes going past you on either side.  Bliss.


26 June 2006 student colloquium

Most of this week was spent up at Nottingham where I went to the Johnson Matthey (JM) student colloquium.  The idea here is that all the students sponsored by JM, together with their academic and industrial supervisors, get together for several days to present what they've been doing and discuss the research in complete confidentiality.  There were talks and poster sessions, debates about the future of the industry and academia, all liberally aided by good food, wine and quite a lot of Smirnoff Ice.  It was the kind of few days where ideas sparkle and breed in darkened lecture theatres and new projects come together at midnight in the bar.  Needless to say, I came back with more ideas than I have hands to carry out, but it was great fun.


15 June 2006 A week in the lab
15th June Last weekend I got together with a couple of classical music friends to play Bach's 6th Brandenburg Concerto for two violas and cello.  Viola players very rarely have anything interesting to do, but this is one piece where the viola players have all the best bits to play.  A bit of music, some baking-hot sunshine, a few gin-and-tonics….  Actually being able to have the weekend off is one of  lots of great things about being an industrial scientist.
I've actually had time to get into the lab this week to do some mixing and stirring, which is much more fun than the meetings and admin which otherwise fill my days.  I have a couple of hot projects running at the moment. One involves trying to find a better way to make a metal-containing molecule that's known to be a fabulous catalyst but can only be made in very small amounts that bury themselves amongst lots of mess.  My first attempts to make this compound in better yield have resulted in a reasonable amount of brown stuff – brown is good in this case - which I'm having to wash and wash until it becomes pure.  While that's going on I've started making a catalyst I've been wanting to try for ages, a magic mixture of precious metals that I am, as usual, secretly hoping will decrease the pollution coming out of cars to nothing.  No catalyst I've made yet has, quite, but that doesn't stop me getting excited about them.  Maybe this is the one!

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NOISE (New Outlooks In Science & Engineering) is a UK-wide campaign funded by the Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). Initiated in 2000, it aims to raise awareness of science and engineering among young people. www.epsrc.ac.uk
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